My Spirit Guide          Big Bear's Den   Image produced from the only known Shawnee image from the 18th century          My Spirit Guide 
Image of Shawnee Warrior from Osprey Men-At-Arms "American Woodland Indians" By M.G. Johnson Color Plates by R.Hook


WESTWARD
   MIGRATION &
      RESETTLEMENT




"Shawnee" by David Wright 
  @ www.davidwrightart.com

RED TAIL HAWKSHAWNEE LEADERS  RED TAIL HAWKSHAWNEE RELIGION
RED TAIL HAWKMIGRATION & RESETTLEMENT  RED TAIL HAWKTHE SHAWNEE TODAY


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 BIG BEAR'S TRADING Coy

    The Shawnee were pushed west by European expansion almost from the very beginning. It started with Spanish and French contact in the early 17th Century in the Carolina's. In the mid to late 17th Century they were making contact with both the Dutch and English. Also, by the late 17th Century contact had been made with French coming out of Canada. Small groups of Shawnee began breaking off and migrating away from the whites by the early 18th Century. Most of these went to live with relations in other tribes. (The tribe's nomadic life-style and inter-marriage with other tribes ment that the Shawnee had relatives from the Atlantic to the Mississippi and from the Gulf of Mexico to north of the Great Lakes.)

    Within ten years of the American Revolution, white expansion through several broken treaties, encouraged many of the Shawnee to want to move across the Mississippi.

    In 1793, Black Bob, a chief of the Hatha­wekela sept of the Shawnee led a large portion of that sept into Missouri where they received a Spanish land grant at Cape Girardeau. After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase brought this area under American control, Black Bob led some Cape Girardeau Shawnees to Texas and Old Mexico and later moved to the Canadian River in southern Oklahoma, becoming the Absentee Shawnee Tribe. 

    The 1817 Treaty of Fort Meigs granted the Shawnees still in northwest Ohio three reservations: Wapakoneta, Hog Creek, and Lewistown. By 1824, about 800 Shawnees lived in Ohio and 1,383 lived in Missouri. In 1825, Congress ratified a treaty with the Cape Girardeau Shawnees ceding their Missouri lands for a 1.6 million-acre reservation in eastern Kansas. After the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Ohio Shawnees on the Wapakoneta and Hog Creek reservations signed a treaty with the U.S. giving them lands on the Kansas Reservation.


    The Lewistown Reservation Shawnees, together with their Seneca allies and neighbors, signed a separate treaty with the federal government in 1831 and moved directly to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). The Lewistown Shawnees became the Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, while their Seneca allies became the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma. 

    In 1854, the US government decimated the Kansas Reservation to 160,000 acres. This, coupled with the brutal abuses perpetrated against them by white settlers during and after the Civil War, forced the Kansas Shawnees to relocate to Cherokee Nation in northeastern Oklahoma. The 1854 Shawnee Reservation in Kansas was never formally extinguished and some Shawnee families retain their Kansas allotments today.

    The federal government caused the former Kansas Shawnees and the Cherokees to enter into a formal agreement in 1869, whereby the Shawnees received allotments and citizenship in Cherokee Nation.

    The Shawnees settled in and around White Oak, Bird Creek (Sperry), and Hudson Creek (Fairland), maintaining separate communities and separate cultural identities. Known as the Cherokee Shawnees, they would also later be called the Loyal Shawnees.

    Big Jim, known among his people as Wapameepto, "Gives light as he walks". In 1872 became chief of the Kispicotha band, commonly known as Big Jim's band of Absentee Shawnee. Big Jim was of illustrious lineage, his grandfather being Tecumseh and his father one of the signers of the "Sam Houston treaty" between the Cherokee and affiliated tribes and the Republic of Texas, Feb. 23, 1836. He was probably the most conservative member of his tribe. In the full aboriginal belief that the earth was his mother and that she must not be wounded by tilling of the soil, he refused until the last to receive the allotments of land that had been forced upon his band in Oklahoma, and used every means to overcome the encroachments of civilization. For the purpose of finding a place where his people would be free from molestation, he went to Mexico in 1900, and while there was stricken with smallpox in August, and died. He was succeeded by his only son, Tonomo, born about 1875 and was ~ 30 yrs. old when he became chief.


    Initial efforts begun in the 1980s to separate the Shawnee Tribe from Cherokee Nation culminated when Congress enacted Public Law 106-568, the Shawnee Tribe Status Act of 2000, which restored the Shawnee Tribe to its position as a sovereign Indian nation.

Tecumseh
"We must be united
We must smoke the same pipe
We must fight each other's battles
And more than that, We must love the Great Spirit."
--Tecumseh --
-His appeal to other tribes to join his confederacy-
 

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RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERHOME RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERABOUT ME RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERLINKS RED TAIL HAWK FEATHER RECOMMENDED READING RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERBEARTRACKS BLOG RED TAIL HAWK FEATHEREMAIL RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERBEST GUEST COMMENTS
RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERWISDOM of the ELDERS RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERWARRIORS of the RAINBOW RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERALL ABOUT THE SHAWNEE RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERTURTLE ISLAND RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERSPIRTUAL COUNSELING
RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERREENACTING MADE SIMPLE RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERPORTRAYING INDIANS RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERTHE CAPTIVE CORPS
RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERSHAWNEE DICTIONARY RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERWIKTIONARY RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERWIKIPEDIA RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERSHAWNEE LINKS
**********for a complete listing of all pages  & connections to them, click RED TAIL HAWK FEATHERSITEMAP**********

If for any reason the email links throughout this site do not work you may reach me by email at shemaqua@bigbearsden.org,

snail mail me @
Shemaqua
127 - A King  Henry Way
Williamsburg, VA   
23188-1903

                                call me at 757.253.6999

                                or send up a smoke signal, use a drum, or communicate telepathically.
                                (I wouldn't count on those last three.)                                                                                                      

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